In a developmental democracy, what role does civil society have in relation to the state?

In a developmental democracy, civil society plays a crucial role as an independent entity that operates with minimal state interference. This independence allows civil society organizations, including NGOs, community groups, and grassroots movements, to engage actively in advocating for citizens' rights, promoting social justice, and holding the government accountable.

The presence of a robust civil society fosters a vibrant public sphere where diverse voices can be heard, contributing to the political and social development of the democracy. Civil society acts as a counterbalance to state power, ensuring that the government remains responsive to the needs and concerns of its citizens rather than becoming too authoritarian or self-serving. This relationship is indicative of a healthy developmental democracy, where the state recognizes the value of civil society's contributions and permits it to function freely, facilitating democratic engagement and participation among the populace.

Other options suggest a relationship where civil society is either heavily controlled by the state, operates under strict regulations, or is completely nonfunctional, which would undermine the fundamental principles of a developmental democracy that relies on active citizen participation and advocacy.