What does the "social contract" theory posit in democratic theory?

The "social contract" theory is a fundamental concept in democratic theory that asserts individuals come together to form a government through a consensual agreement in order to protect their rights and maintain social order. This theory suggests that before the establishment of any government, individuals existed in a state of nature where their rights were not secured. By consenting to the formation of a governing body, individuals agree to exchange some of their freedoms for the protection and stability provided by that government. This notion underlines the legitimacy of government authority, as it is derived from the consent of the governed, highlighting the importance of collective agreement in establishing and maintaining democratic systems.

In contrast, other options do not encapsulate the essence of the social contract. Contributions to political campaigns pertain to the financing of political activities, choosing a political party relates to political affiliation rather than governance itself, and loyalty to a community does not necessarily involve consent or the formation of governmental structures. Thus, the correct answer articulates the core idea that individuals willingly consent to organize society through a governing authority for the protection of their rights.