Which concept ensures representation and legitimacy in democratic governance?

Universal suffrage is the concept that ensures representation and legitimacy in democratic governance by granting all adult citizens the right to vote, regardless of their background or status. This principle is foundational to democracy, as it empowers individuals to participate in the electoral process, have a voice in their government, and influence the creation and implementation of laws and policies that affect their lives. By enabling widespread participation, universal suffrage promotes accountability and responsiveness from elected officials, thereby enhancing the legitimacy of the governing system.

In contrast, political inequality would undermine representation by creating disparities in who has access to political power. Judicial review, while important for maintaining checks and balances within government, does not directly ensure citizen participation in the democratic process. Federalism involves the distribution of power between national and subnational governments, which can enhance local governance but does not inherently guarantee universal participation in elections. Thus, universal suffrage stands out as the crucial concept for ensuring both representation and legitimacy within a democratic framework.