Which type of government is characterized by rule from a small, elite group?

The correct answer is an oligarchy, which refers to a system of governance where a small group of individuals, often from similar socio-economic backgrounds or possessing particular characteristics, hold significant power and control over political decisions. Oligarchies can be seen in various forms, such as when a few wealthy families dominate political affairs or when military leaders run the state.

This contrasts with the other forms of governance presented. In a monarchy, power is usually held by a single ruler, such as a king or queen, who often claims authority through birthright. An autocracy also centers power in the hands of a single individual, but this ruler typically exercises control independently. Democracy, on the other hand, emphasizes broad participation and representation, where the power of governance rests with the people, either directly or through elected representatives.

Understanding oligarchy as a distinct form of government highlights how power dynamics can exist within various political structures, demonstrating that elite groups can significantly influence governance without adhering to democratic principles.